* Note: Thuật ngữ Middle America rộng hơn thuật ngữ Central America, vì Middle America là đã bao hàm cả Central America rồi.
◎ geography.about.com Phân biệt các thuật ngữ về địa danh liên quan đến Châu Mỹ.
* Definition: olmecs, mayans, zapotecs, incas, toltecs, aztecs
◎ san.beck.org Mayans, Aztecs, Incas
◎ whappodcast.com Orders of the civilization (Latin America)
◎ theancientworld.info Olmecs, Mayans, Zapotecs, Incas, etc.
◎ quizlet.com Maya-aztec-inca-flash-cards (Mình luôn sẵn lòng vote cho quizlet.com - Các bài học của site này được trình bày khá rõ ràng và được định dạng flash cards. Hồi mình học tiếng Hàn thì mình hay vào site này.)
◎ geography.about.com Phân biệt các thuật ngữ về địa danh liên quan đến Châu Mỹ.
* Definition: olmecs, mayans, zapotecs, incas, toltecs, aztecs
◎ san.beck.org Mayans, Aztecs, Incas
◎ whappodcast.com Orders of the civilization (Latin America)
◎ theancientworld.info Olmecs, Mayans, Zapotecs, Incas, etc.
◎ quizlet.com Maya-aztec-inca-flash-cards (Mình luôn sẵn lòng vote cho quizlet.com - Các bài học của site này được trình bày khá rõ ràng và được định dạng flash cards. Hồi mình học tiếng Hàn thì mình hay vào site này.)
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* Jamaica - the island nation:
- Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres south of Cuba. Its indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno inhabitants named the island Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water", or the "Land of Springs".
- Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, in 1655 it became an English, and later a British, colony, known as "Jamaica". It achieved full independence in 1962. It remains a Commonwealth realm with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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* Trinidad:
-Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just 11 km off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. Christopher Columbus called it "La Isla de la Trinidad" ("The Island of the Trinity"), fulfilling a vow he had made before setting out on his third voyage of exploration.
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* Honduras:
- Honduras is a republic in Central America. The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
- Honduras was home of several important indigenous cultures, mostly notably the Maya. Much of the country was conquered by Spain who introduced its predominant language and many of its customs in the sixteenth century. It became independent in 1821 and has been a republic since the end of Spanish rule.
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* Tierra del Fuego (Southernmost tip of the South America):
- Tierra del Fuego (Spanish for "Land of Fire") is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of a main island Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego divided between Chile and Argentina, and a group of smaller islands including Cape Horn. Initially discovered by Ferdinand Magellan's expedition in 1520, the islands were not settled by people of European descent until the second half of the 19th century at the height of the sheep farming and gold rush booms. Today's economic activity in the northern part of Tierra del Fuego is dominated by petroleum extraction while in the south tourism, manufacturing and Antarctic logistics are important.
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* Darién Gap (Central America):
- The Darién Gap is a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest separating Panama's Darién Province in Central America from Colombia in South America. It measures just over 160 km long and about 50 km wide. Roadbuilding through this area is expensive, and the environmental toll is steep. Political consensus in favor of road construction has not emerged, and consequently there is no road connection through the Darién Gap connecting North/Central America with South America. It is therefore the missing link of the Pan-American Highway.
- Crossing the Darién Gap by bike is possible. (see more: worldbiking.info)
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* Galápagos Islands, Pacific Ocean:
- The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean, 972 km (525 nmi) west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part. Wildlife is its most notable feature.
- Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) arrived to the Galapagos Islands on September 15th, 1835. He explored the Islands for a period of five weeks.
* Jamaica - the island nation:
- Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres south of Cuba. Its indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno inhabitants named the island Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water", or the "Land of Springs".
- Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, in 1655 it became an English, and later a British, colony, known as "Jamaica". It achieved full independence in 1962. It remains a Commonwealth realm with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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 |
| Middle America 1994 |
-Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just 11 km off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. Christopher Columbus called it "La Isla de la Trinidad" ("The Island of the Trinity"), fulfilling a vow he had made before setting out on his third voyage of exploration.
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* Honduras:
- Honduras is a republic in Central America. The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
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| Tierra del Fuego |
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* Tierra del Fuego (Southernmost tip of the South America):
- Tierra del Fuego (Spanish for "Land of Fire") is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of a main island Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego divided between Chile and Argentina, and a group of smaller islands including Cape Horn. Initially discovered by Ferdinand Magellan's expedition in 1520, the islands were not settled by people of European descent until the second half of the 19th century at the height of the sheep farming and gold rush booms. Today's economic activity in the northern part of Tierra del Fuego is dominated by petroleum extraction while in the south tourism, manufacturing and Antarctic logistics are important.
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| Alaska - Chile & Darien Gap |
* Darién Gap (Central America):
- The Darién Gap is a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest separating Panama's Darién Province in Central America from Colombia in South America. It measures just over 160 km long and about 50 km wide. Roadbuilding through this area is expensive, and the environmental toll is steep. Political consensus in favor of road construction has not emerged, and consequently there is no road connection through the Darién Gap connecting North/Central America with South America. It is therefore the missing link of the Pan-American Highway.
- Crossing the Darién Gap by bike is possible. (see more: worldbiking.info)
_____
* Galápagos Islands, Pacific Ocean:
- The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean, 972 km (525 nmi) west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part. Wildlife is its most notable feature.
- Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) arrived to the Galapagos Islands on September 15th, 1835. He explored the Islands for a period of five weeks.
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