4 kinds of conjunctions

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There are four kinds of conjunctions:
I/ Coordinating conjunctions
II/ Subordinating conjunctions
III/ Correlative conjunctions
IV/ Conjunctive adverbs
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I/ Coordinating conjunctions:
1. The seven coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. FANBOYS is a mnemonic which stands for these seven coordinating conjunctions' initials spell. They are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, & so.
2. Coordinating conjunctions just join equals to one another. In other words, they always join similar elements. For example:
- words to words: Most children like cookies and milk.
- phrases to phrases: The gold is hidden at the beach or by the lakeside.
- clauses to clauses: What u say and what u do are two different things.
3. Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do.
- Ann was late for work, and she received a cut in pay. (very loose)
- Ann was late for work, so she received a cut in pay. (loose)
- Because Ann was late for work, she received a cut in pay. (subordinating conjunction) (tighter)
4. Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.
- I like coffee, but I don't like tea. (in between items joined)
5. Punctuation:
* A coordinating conjunction joining just two items doesn't need a comma before the conjunction.
- cookies and milk
* A coordinating conjunction joining three or more items creates a series and requires commas between the elements.
- peanuts, cookies, and milk
- in the mountains, at the beach, or by the lakeside
- what u think, what u say, and what u do
* A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound sentence and requires a comma before this coordinating conjunction.
- Ann ate all the peanuts, so Tom ate the cookies.
- I don't care for the beach, but I enjoy a good vacation in the mountains.

II/ Subordinating conjunctions:
* The majority of conjunctions are 'subordinating conjunctions'. These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions:

Subordinating conjunctions (for examples)
1. after	2. although	3. as
4. as far as	5. as soon as	6. as if
7. as though	8. because	9. before
10. even if	11. even though	12. how
13. if	14. inasmuch as	15. in case (that)
16. in order (that)	17. insofar as	18. in that
19. lest	20. no matter how	21. now that
22. once	23. provided (that)	24. since
25. so that	26. supposing (that)	27. than
28. that	29. though	30. till
31. unless	32. until	33. when
34. whenever	35. where	36. wherever
37. whether	38. while	39. why

1. A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate clause (dependent clause) to a main clause (independent clause).
- Because it's raining, we have an umbrella.
• Main clause: we have an umbrella
• Subordinate clause: because it's raining
2. A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two clauses in a sentence.
- Because it's raining, we have an umbrella.
- We have an umbrella because it's raining.
3. A subordinating conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses than a coordinating conjunction does.
- It's raining, so we have an umbrella. (coordinating conjunction) (loose)
- Because it's raining, we have an umbrella. (tight)
4. Punctuation note:
* Subordinate clause + a comma + main clause.
- Because it's raining, we have an umbrella.
* Main clause + subordinate clause.
- We have an umbrella because it's raining.

III/ Correlative conjunctions:
1. Correlative conjunctions work together in pairs. They include: either...or; neither...nor; not only...but also; & both...and.
2. These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each other.
- Ann wants not only money but also fame.
- Ann not only wants money but also wants fame.

IV/ Conjunctive adverbs:
* Although conjunctive adverbs can be used simply as adverbs, they can also be used as connectives to link two or more independent clauses and establish certain relationships between those clauses. The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs.

29. thus	Conjunctive adverbs (for examples)
1. after all	2. also	3. as a result	4. besides
5. consequently	6. finally	7. for example	8. furthermore
9. hence	10. however	11. in addition	12. incidentally
13. indeed	14. in fact	15. in other words	16. instead
17. likewise	18. meanwhile	19. moreover	20. nevertheless
21. next	22. nonetheless	23. on the contrary	24. on the other hand
25. otherwise	26. still	27. then	28. therefore

* Punctuation note: Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after this conjunctive adverb.
- The tire was flat; therefore, we called a service station.
- It was a hot day; nevertheless, the roofers worked on the project all day.