1. crusade (n)
- Crusade:
2. fief: thái ấp, đất phong (thời phong kiến phân phong đất đai)
3. bureaucracy (n): quan lại, bộ máy quan liêu
- loyal bureaucracy
4. vassal: chư hầu, kẻ lệ thuộc
5. viceroys (n): phó vương, tổng trấn
6. Emperor, Empress; prince, princess
7. Chancellor: đại pháp quan (chỉ đứng sau vua) (dưới 1 người, trên vạn người)
8. Sheriff /ˈʃer.ɪf/(n) (tên chỉ về 1 chức vị)
9. sovereign: tối cao
10. coronation: lễ lên ngôi; lễ đăng quang; lễ trao vương miện
11. homage: (history) sự thần phục; sự tôn kính
12. stronghold: pháo đài, thành trì (castles; strongholds)
13. bailiff: quan khâm sai; chấp hành viên ở tòa án (a legal officer)
14. framework; software framework; cốt pha (construction)
15. writ (n): (law) lệnh, trát
16. subinfeudation (answer for her: vn.360plus.yahoo.com/thoai-tran/)
17. fealty (n): sự trung thành (đối với chúa phong kiến)
- fealty and homage
18. clergy: giới tăng lữ
19. counsellor (n): cố vấn; (law US) luật sư (lawyer)
20. chivalry: hiệp sĩ (knight; knighhood)
* The Order of the Garter (1938): cấp tước cao nhất trong hàng hiệp sĩ của Anh
21. heretics: người theo dị giáo
22. dissenters (religious): người biệt giáo (Anh)
23. favourite (n): vật được yêu thích; người được sủng ái (bởi vua)
- the teacher's favourite: học trò yêu, học trò cưng
24. usurped (vt): chiếm đoạt, tiếm quyền
_____________________
1. deployment: sự dàn quân
2. to sack: cướp phá
3. spoil (n): chiến lợi phẩm; của cướp được
- spoils of war
4. muster (v): duyệt binh; (n) sự duyệt binh, sự tập hợp
- to muster the army
5. combat (n): trận đấu
6. insurrection: cuộc nổi dậy, cuộc khởi nghĩa
____________________Other terms:
1. Franciscan order: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan; fordham.edu/
2. Dominican order: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Order
3. Magna Carta (1215)
- Provisions of Oxford (1258); Provisions of Westminster (1259): Henry III (king of England; r.1216-1272)
4. The Great Cause:
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitors_for_the_Crown_of_Scotland
- ltscotland.org.uk/scotlandshistory/ The Great Cause (1291-1292) audio
5. The Great Depression:
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression
- a photo essay on the Great Depression (english.illinois.edu)
6. Suffragette: người đàn bà đòi quyền đi bầu cử cho phụ nữ (đầu TK XX ở Anh) (The cat and mouse act 1913)
7. The Auld Alliance (1295; 1560): was an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. It played a significant role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 until the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except for Louis XI. By the late 14th century, the renewal occurred regardless of whether either kingdom was involved in a conflict with England.[2]
The alliance dates from the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The terms of the treaty stipulated that if either country was attacked by England, the other country would invade English territory, as became evident at the Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. The alliance played an important role in conflicts between both countries and England, such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai and the Rough Wooing.
- Wars of Independence: The Auld Alliance (ltscotland.org.uk)
- Investigate the details behind the Auld Alliance with Wikipedia. Discover dates and facts affecting Franco-Scottish affairs until the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auld_Alliance)
8. Protestant: Người theo đạo Tin lành; người phản kháng; người phản đối (Protestant Reformation)
9. The English Reformation in the 16th century.
10. "Yeomen of the Guard" (1485)
11. Chancery; Court of Chancery (England; laws)
12. The Star Chamber was an English court of law that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster until 1641.
1. The Field of Cloth of Gold (France, 1520):
- The Field of Cloth of Gold is the name given to a place in Balinghem, between Guînes and Ardres, in France, near Calais. It was the site of a meeting that took place from 7 June to 24 June 1520, between King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France. The meeting was arranged to increase the bond of friendship between the two kings following the Anglo-French treaty of 1514. The form "Field of Cloth of Gold" has been in general use in the English language since at least the 18th century.
2. The Mary Rose ship: 1512; Sank in battle in 1545, salvaged in 1982, now a museum ship; Portsmouth, England.
◎ maryrose.org (UK, navy)
3. The Protestant Reformation (or the Reformation; the Protestant Revolt): Martin Luther; 1648.
◎ historyguide.org
4. French Dauphin:
- The Dauphin of France was the tittle given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791, and from 1824 to 1830. The word is literally the French for dolphin, as a reference to the animal they bore on the flag.
- The first French prince called le Dauphin was Charles V. The title was roughly equivalent to the English title Prince of Wales, the Scottish title Duke of Rothesay, or the Spanish title Prince of Asturias.
5. The Prince of Wales: is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.
6. Terra Incognita (unknown land):
- Terra Incognita or terra ignota (Latin: unknown land) is a term used in cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented. The expression is believed to be first seen in Ptolemy’s Geography circa 150 CE.
7. Jacobitism; Jacobite:
- Jacobite: người ủng hộ king James II (reign 1685-1688) sau Cách mạng năm 1688.
- Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland. The movement took its name from Jacobus the Latin for James.
8. The Underground Railroad (1800s, America): The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century black slaves in the United States to escape to free states and Canada.
- Crusade:
2. fief: thái ấp, đất phong (thời phong kiến phân phong đất đai)
3. bureaucracy (n): quan lại, bộ máy quan liêu
- loyal bureaucracy
4. vassal: chư hầu, kẻ lệ thuộc
5. viceroys (n): phó vương, tổng trấn
6. Emperor, Empress; prince, princess
7. Chancellor: đại pháp quan (chỉ đứng sau vua) (dưới 1 người, trên vạn người)
8. Sheriff /ˈʃer.ɪf/(n) (tên chỉ về 1 chức vị)
9. sovereign: tối cao
10. coronation: lễ lên ngôi; lễ đăng quang; lễ trao vương miện
11. homage: (history) sự thần phục; sự tôn kính
12. stronghold: pháo đài, thành trì (castles; strongholds)
13. bailiff: quan khâm sai; chấp hành viên ở tòa án (a legal officer)
14. framework; software framework; cốt pha (construction)
15. writ (n): (law) lệnh, trát
16. subinfeudation (answer for her: vn.360plus.yahoo.com/thoai-tran/)
17. fealty (n): sự trung thành (đối với chúa phong kiến)
- fealty and homage
18. clergy: giới tăng lữ
19. counsellor (n): cố vấn; (law US) luật sư (lawyer)
20. chivalry: hiệp sĩ (knight; knighhood)
* The Order of the Garter (1938): cấp tước cao nhất trong hàng hiệp sĩ của Anh
21. heretics: người theo dị giáo
22. dissenters (religious): người biệt giáo (Anh)
23. favourite (n): vật được yêu thích; người được sủng ái (bởi vua)
- the teacher's favourite: học trò yêu, học trò cưng
24. usurped (vt): chiếm đoạt, tiếm quyền
_____________________
1. deployment: sự dàn quân
2. to sack: cướp phá
3. spoil (n): chiến lợi phẩm; của cướp được
- spoils of war
4. muster (v): duyệt binh; (n) sự duyệt binh, sự tập hợp
- to muster the army
5. combat (n): trận đấu
6. insurrection: cuộc nổi dậy, cuộc khởi nghĩa
____________________Other terms:
1. Franciscan order: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan; fordham.edu/
2. Dominican order: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Order
3. Magna Carta (1215)
- Provisions of Oxford (1258); Provisions of Westminster (1259): Henry III (king of England; r.1216-1272)
4. The Great Cause:
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitors_for_the_Crown_of_Scotland
- ltscotland.org.uk/scotlandshistory/ The Great Cause (1291-1292) audio
5. The Great Depression:
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression
- a photo essay on the Great Depression (english.illinois.edu)
6. Suffragette: người đàn bà đòi quyền đi bầu cử cho phụ nữ (đầu TK XX ở Anh) (The cat and mouse act 1913)
7. The Auld Alliance (1295; 1560): was an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. It played a significant role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 until the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except for Louis XI. By the late 14th century, the renewal occurred regardless of whether either kingdom was involved in a conflict with England.[2]
The alliance dates from the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The terms of the treaty stipulated that if either country was attacked by England, the other country would invade English territory, as became evident at the Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. The alliance played an important role in conflicts between both countries and England, such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai and the Rough Wooing.
- Wars of Independence: The Auld Alliance (ltscotland.org.uk)
- Investigate the details behind the Auld Alliance with Wikipedia. Discover dates and facts affecting Franco-Scottish affairs until the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auld_Alliance)
8. Protestant: Người theo đạo Tin lành; người phản kháng; người phản đối (Protestant Reformation)
9. The English Reformation in the 16th century.
10. "Yeomen of the Guard" (1485)
11. Chancery; Court of Chancery (England; laws)
12. The Star Chamber was an English court of law that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster until 1641.
1. The Field of Cloth of Gold (France, 1520):
- The Field of Cloth of Gold is the name given to a place in Balinghem, between Guînes and Ardres, in France, near Calais. It was the site of a meeting that took place from 7 June to 24 June 1520, between King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France. The meeting was arranged to increase the bond of friendship between the two kings following the Anglo-French treaty of 1514. The form "Field of Cloth of Gold" has been in general use in the English language since at least the 18th century.
2. The Mary Rose ship: 1512; Sank in battle in 1545, salvaged in 1982, now a museum ship; Portsmouth, England.
◎ maryrose.org (UK, navy)
3. The Protestant Reformation (or the Reformation; the Protestant Revolt): Martin Luther; 1648.
◎ historyguide.org
4. French Dauphin:
- The Dauphin of France was the tittle given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791, and from 1824 to 1830. The word is literally the French for dolphin, as a reference to the animal they bore on the flag.
- The first French prince called le Dauphin was Charles V. The title was roughly equivalent to the English title Prince of Wales, the Scottish title Duke of Rothesay, or the Spanish title Prince of Asturias.
5. The Prince of Wales: is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.
6. Terra Incognita (unknown land):
- Terra Incognita or terra ignota (Latin: unknown land) is a term used in cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented. The expression is believed to be first seen in Ptolemy’s Geography circa 150 CE.
7. Jacobitism; Jacobite:
- Jacobite: người ủng hộ king James II (reign 1685-1688) sau Cách mạng năm 1688.
- Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland. The movement took its name from Jacobus the Latin for James.
8. The Underground Railroad (1800s, America): The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century black slaves in the United States to escape to free states and Canada.
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