* Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) (Italy):
- Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. He is perhaps most famous for inventing linear perspective (phối cảnh đường thẳng, phối cảnh tuyến tính, luật xa gần) and designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments also included bronze artwork, architecture (churches and chapels, fortifications, a hospital, etc), mathematics, engineering (hydraulic machinery, clockwork mechanisms, theatrical machinery, etc) and even ship design. His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy.
- Brunelleschi có lẽ đã chế ra chiếc đồng hồ chạy bằng dây cót khoảng năm 1410.
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* Niccolo de Conti (1385-1469) (Italy) (merchant):
- Niccolò de' Conti was an Italian merchant and explorer of the Republic of Venice, born in Chioggia, who traveled to India and Southeast Asia, and possibly to Southern China, during the early 15th century. After the return of the Marco Polo (1254-1324), there is no record of Italian traders returning from China until the return of Niccolò de' Conti by sea in 1439.N iccolò departed from Venice about 1419 and established himself in Damascus, Syria, where he studied Arabic. Over a period of 25 years, he traveled as a Muslim merchant to numerous places in Asia. His familiarity with the languages and cultures of the Islamic world allowed him to travel to many places, on board ships owned by Islamic merchants.
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* Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) (Portugal):
- Henry the Navigator was an infante (junior prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire. He was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.
◎ library.thinkquest.org Prince Henry the Navigator; exploring the west coast of Africa
◎ pictures.traveladventures.org Monument of discoveries, Lisbon, Portugal
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* Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli (1397-1482) (Italy):
- Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer.
- Năm 1474, Toscanelli đã viết 1 lá thư gợi ý có một con đường biển dẫn tới India, ngắn hơn con đường đi qua Guinea. Trong thực tế, chính Toscanelli đã vẽ ra một bản đồ hàng hải của Đại Tây Dương và ông đã gởi bản đồ này kèm theo lá thư tới Lisbon. Khoảng năm 1482, khi Columbus nghe biết về lá thư này, ông đã phấn khởi viết thư cho Toscanelli và xin thêm thông tin. Toscanelli hồi âm bằng một lá thư khích lệ kèm theo một bản đồ khác. Columbus đã mang theo bản đồ này trong hành trình của mình để chứng minh Toscanelli đã nói đúng.
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* Johannes Gutenberg (c.1398-1468) (German):
- Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a German goldsmith, printer and publisher who introduced modern book printing. His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
- Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439, and the global inventor of the printing press. Máy in được Gutenberg phát minh vào năm 1450.
- Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. He is perhaps most famous for inventing linear perspective (phối cảnh đường thẳng, phối cảnh tuyến tính, luật xa gần) and designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments also included bronze artwork, architecture (churches and chapels, fortifications, a hospital, etc), mathematics, engineering (hydraulic machinery, clockwork mechanisms, theatrical machinery, etc) and even ship design. His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy.
- Brunelleschi có lẽ đã chế ra chiếc đồng hồ chạy bằng dây cót khoảng năm 1410.
_____
* Niccolo de Conti (1385-1469) (Italy) (merchant):
- Niccolò de' Conti was an Italian merchant and explorer of the Republic of Venice, born in Chioggia, who traveled to India and Southeast Asia, and possibly to Southern China, during the early 15th century. After the return of the Marco Polo (1254-1324), there is no record of Italian traders returning from China until the return of Niccolò de' Conti by sea in 1439.N iccolò departed from Venice about 1419 and established himself in Damascus, Syria, where he studied Arabic. Over a period of 25 years, he traveled as a Muslim merchant to numerous places in Asia. His familiarity with the languages and cultures of the Islamic world allowed him to travel to many places, on board ships owned by Islamic merchants.
_____
* Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) (Portugal):
- Henry the Navigator was an infante (junior prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire. He was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.
◎ library.thinkquest.org Prince Henry the Navigator; exploring the west coast of Africa
◎ pictures.traveladventures.org Monument of discoveries, Lisbon, Portugal
_____
* Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli (1397-1482) (Italy):
- Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer.
- Năm 1474, Toscanelli đã viết 1 lá thư gợi ý có một con đường biển dẫn tới India, ngắn hơn con đường đi qua Guinea. Trong thực tế, chính Toscanelli đã vẽ ra một bản đồ hàng hải của Đại Tây Dương và ông đã gởi bản đồ này kèm theo lá thư tới Lisbon. Khoảng năm 1482, khi Columbus nghe biết về lá thư này, ông đã phấn khởi viết thư cho Toscanelli và xin thêm thông tin. Toscanelli hồi âm bằng một lá thư khích lệ kèm theo một bản đồ khác. Columbus đã mang theo bản đồ này trong hành trình của mình để chứng minh Toscanelli đã nói đúng.
_____
* Johannes Gutenberg (c.1398-1468) (German):
- Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a German goldsmith, printer and publisher who introduced modern book printing. His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
- Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439, and the global inventor of the printing press. Máy in được Gutenberg phát minh vào năm 1450.
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